List of state leaders in 1656

1655 state leaders - Events of 1656 - 1657 state leaders - State leaders by year

Africa

• Bamun - Ngouloure, Sultan of Bamun (1629–1672)
• Dahomey - Houegbadja, King of Dahomey (1645–1685)
• Ethiopia - Fasilides, Emperor of Ethiopia (1632–1667)

Asia

• China
  • Qing Dynasty - Shunzhi, Emperor of China (1644–1661)
  • Southern Ming - Prince of Gui, Emperor of Southern Ming (1646–1662)
• Japan -
  • Monarch - Go-Sai, Emperor of Japan (1655–1663)
  • Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Ietsuna, Shogun of Japan (1651–1680)
  • Daimyos
    • Hirosaki Domain - Tsugaru Nobumasa, Daimyo of Hirosaki (1656–1710)
  • Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Shitsu, King of Ryūkyū (1648–1668)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Hyojong, King of Joseon (1649–1659)
• Mughal Empire - Shah Jahan, Mughal Emeror (1627–1658)

Europe

• Denmark–Norway - Frederick III, King of Denmark (1648–1670)
• Commonwealth of England - Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England (1653–1658)
• France - Louis XIV, King of France (1643–1715)
• Holy Roman Empire - Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637–1657)
  • Bavaria - Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria (1651–1679)
  • Brandenburg-Prussia - Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (1640–1688)
  • Genoa, Republic -
    1. Alessandro Spinola, Doge of Genoa (1654–1656)
    2. Giulio Sauli, Doge of Genoa (1656–1658)
  • Magdeburg, Prince-Archbishopric - Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg (1638–1680)
  • Olomouc, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Olomouc (1637–1662)
  • Passau, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Passau (1625–1662)
  • Strasbourg, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg (1626–1662)
  • Wrocław, Prince-Bishopric - Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Wrocław (1656–1662)
  • Saxony -
    1. John George I1, Elector of Saxony (1611–1656)
    2. John George II, Elector of Saxony (1656–1680)
• Ottoman ( Turkish ) Empire
  • Sultan- Mehmet IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
  • Grand vizier - Köprülü Mehmet Pasha (1565–1561)
• Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Jan II Kazimierz Vasa, King of Poland (1648–1668)
• Portugal -
  1. John IV, King of Portugal (1640–1656)
  2. Afonso VI, King of Portugal (1656–1667)
• Russia - Alexis I, Tsar of Russia (1645–1676)
• Savoy - Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (1638–1675)
• Spain - Philip IV, King of Spain (1621–1665)
• Sweden - Charles X Gustav, King of Sweden (1654–1660)
• Tuscany - Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1621–1670)
• United Provinces
  • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
  • Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan de Witt (1653–1672)
• Venice -
  1. Bertuccio Valier, Doge of Venice (1656–1658)
  2. Giovanni Pesaro, Doge of Venice (1658–1659)